Diabetics are at a much greater risk of developing problems with their feet, due to the damage raised blood sugars can cause to sensation and circulation. People with diabetes are at increased risk of peripheral arterial disease and neuropathy, as well as having a higher risk of developing infections.
Therefore, people with diabetes are often prone to frequent, severe foot problems and a relatively high risk of infection, gangrene and amputation.
What are the risks of Diabetes in foot health?
Motor, sensory and autonomic fibres may all be affected in people with diabetes mellitus.
Because of sensory deficits, there are no protective symptoms guarding against pressure and heat and so trauma can initiate the development of a leg ulcer.
Motor fibre abnormalities lead to undue physical stress. This may cause further anatomical deformities (arched foot, clawing of toes) and contribute to the development of infection.
When infection complicates a foot ulcer, the combination can be limb-threatening or life-threatening.
Detection and surveillance of diabetic neuropathy are an essential routine part of a diabetic annual review.
Diabetic Foot Assessment would include:
- Examination for corns, calluses and changes in foot shape
- Tests for numbness or changes in sensation (“neuropathy”)
- Questions about diabetes management and foot care – some sample questions attached
- Any recent cuts, blisters, broken skin, corns?
- Any pain or discomfort while walking?
- How well are you managing Diabetes?
- Have you had any previous foot problems or injuries?
- Checking of shoes to ensure they are not causing problems to your feet
- Advice on foot care, orthotics, diabetes shoes as required
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