A bunion is a bump that forms on the outside of the big toe. This foot deformity occurs from years of pressure on the big toe joint. Eventually, the toe joint gets out of alignment, and a bony bump forms. Medical term for bunions is hallux.

Clubfoot describes a range of foot abnormalities usually present at birth in which your baby’s foot is twisted out of shape or position. In clubfoot, the tissues connecting the muscles to the bone are shorter than usual.

An overlapping toe condition occurs when one of your toes, usually the big toe or pinky toe, extends over the adjacent toe. A similar condition, called an underlapping toe, develops when your toe extends under the adjacent toe.

Plantar fasciitis commonly causes stabbing pain that usually occurs with your first steps in the morning. As you get up and move, the pain normally decreases, but it might return after long periods of standing or when you stand up after sitting.

The Achilles tendon is a band of tissue that connects a muscle to a bone. It runs down the back of the lower leg and connects the calf muscle to the heel bone. Also called the heel cord, the Achilles tendon facilitates walking by helping to raise the heel.

Charcot foot is a rare but serious complication that can affect persons with peripheral neuropathy, especially those with diabetes mellitus. Charcot affects the bones, joints, and soft tissues of the foot or ankle.

Arthritis is inflammation of one or more of your joints. It can cause pain and stiffness in any joint in the body and is common in the small joints of the foot and ankle. There are more than 100 forms of arthritis, many of which affect the foot and ankle. It can involve inflammation and swelling.

A Jones fracture is a break between the base and shaft of the fifth metatarsal bone of your foot. This is the bone on the outside of the foot, which is connected to your smallest toe, sometimes called the pinkie toe. It’s the most common type of metatarsal fracture.

A Lisfranc fracture is an injury affecting the middle foot. It is made up of the bones and ligaments that connect the metatarsals to the midfoot. The bones in the complex give the foot its arch. The bones are held in place by ligaments that stretch both across and down the foot.

Tarsal coalition describes the complete or partial union between two or more bones in the midfoot and hindfoot. Tarsal coalition refers to developmental fusion rather than fusion that is acquired secondary to conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis.

Calcaneal malunion is a common complication after conservative treatment or incorrect surgical treatment of calcaneal fracture. The typical pathoanatomies of calcaneal malunion are subtalar joint incongruity, loss of calcaneal height.

The comprehensive surgical release of clubfoot through a Cincinnati incision identifies all tight musculotendinous and ligamentous structures through a wide surgical exposure.